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What is child labor?

What is child labor?

How many kids work as child laborers?

What makes child labor in agriculture such a big problem?

Why does child labor exist?

Why cant child laborers go to school instead of working?

What makes agricultural child labor so unhealthy?

Are child laborers slaves?

What can be done to end child labor?

What is child labor? Child labor includes all work that harms children and keeps them out of school. They have no time to learn or play. Not all child labor is bad. Many kids work legally under safe conditions while going to school full-time. For example, child labor is not:

chores done around the house before or after school

helping out at a family farm or business so long as it doesnt keep you from going to school or doing your homework, and is not dangerous or hazardous

supervised apprenticeships or internships

Watch an 8-minute video clip

about child labor.

(Excerpt from Combatting the Unacceptable: video on efforts to tackle worst forms of child labour, courtesy of the International Confederation of Free Trade Unions)

How many kids work as child laborers? At least 250 million children between 5-14 work worldwide. Half of them work full-time. Most of them work in agriculture.

But numerous children work in other jobs that are dangerous and hazardous. For instance, they are found in mines, making sporting goods and garments, in factories making glass bangles, matches and fireworks, on carpet looms, tanning leather, breaking stones in quarries, as street vendors and porters, polishing surgical instruments, making bricks, working on garbage dumps, forced into prostitution, and hidden away as domestic servants.

What makes child labor in agriculture such a big problem?

Because it involves so many children. The vast majority of child labor is in agriculture, accounting for seven out of every ten working children. Because there are more than 170 million underage workers in the fields and farms, this type of activity is too often regarded as traditional and routine in many countries.

Because its so dangerous. Children work long hours, often exposed to hazardous chemicals and made to use dangerous tools and machinery that are inappropriate to their mental and physical development.

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Because its so widespread. Child labor in agriculture is not just in the developing world; it even exists in the United States and Europe. In most countries children assist their families in small scale fishing, family farms and subsistence agriculture. Girls are often kept away from school to work as domestics.

Because its often hidden or invisible. This is the case of domestics working outside their own home. The children - almost always girls - work very long hours, have no chance to go to school, and are isolated from family and friends. Often they are treated like slaves and sexually and physically abused. Many girls living in agricultural communities drop out of school to work as domestics in their villages or the nearby towns.

Why does child labor exist? Tenant farmers and agricultural workers face generally poor social and economic conditions that often contribute to child labor:

a lack of decent jobs for adults

few health or education services for families

little or no support from the government to help raise people out of poverty.

Many poor families also face a poverty of options; they feel their only choice is to send children to work. Society has failed these families, forcing them to make awful choices that no parent wants to make for their children.

Some unscrupulous employers take advantage of the situation and hire children illegally because they can pay the children less money and the children are not likely to complain.

On many farms, workers are paid by the amount they pick each day, not by a fixed daily rate or minimum wage. This system only encourages families to bring their children to the fields to help them in the harvest.

Many families think sending their children to work is acceptable. They view child labor as child work, not hazardous, and as a way to learn a skill when there are no decent schools around.

However, poverty is never an excuse for hazardous or abusive child labor. But many families suffering from poverty often are uneducated and dont know their rights.

Why cant child laborers go to school instead of working? Most children, given the choice, would rather spend their day in a classroom and on the playground, not in the fields. However, in much of the world, access to basic education is limited.

Families often must pay school fees for each child. Parents often cannot afford the fees so many children either drop out of school or do not enroll at all.

It is common for families to send boys to school while the girls are kept at home to look after the house and younger children, or are sent away to work as domestics.

Where free schools are available, the quality may be poor and parents think their children will survive better if he/she works and learns a skill.

Sometimes kids go to school part-time or at night. But many studies show that working full time and going to school part-time doesnt work. Children cant concentrate on their classes and do not have time to do homework or to play.

Some working children are migrant workers, or in migrant worker families. They can travel from place to place in search of work, and do not live in one place long enough to go to school - even if a school were available.

What makes agricultural child labor so unhealthy? Agricultural child workers face many serious health risks.

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